Black Night

6 TYPES OF THINKING SKILL

1. LATERAL
2. VERTICAL
3. CRITICAL
4. CREATIF
5. DIVERGENT
6. CONVERGENT

LATERAL THINKING

A lateral thinking is a way of thinking that uses unorthodox methods or elements
to seek a solution to an intractable problem. It would be normally be ignored by logical thinking. Furthermore, it involves disrupting an apparent thinking sequence and arriving at the solution from another angle.

VERTICAL THINKING

Vertical thinking is using the processes of logic, the traditional, historical methods. 90 percent of thinking that is promoted by the present education system comes from vertical thinking. It is widely used in mathematical proofs and in repeating scientific experiments. Furthermore, it is more dependent to YES/NO logic or in the other word; it uses logic and produces correct answers. Therefore, it consists of several logical dependent steps which there is a correct and an incorrect solution in every step of the process. In fact, a mistake at any stage is considered fatal. However, the process leads inexorably to the same unique correct solution and infinitely repeatable.

CONVERGENT THINKING

Convergent is a thinking that is directed towards one correct solution to problem.
It is a thinking that narrows its focus in a particular direction, assuming that there is only one, or at most a limited number of right solutions. This process assumes that there is a single right answer and that it exists somewhere, usuallyin the text book or in the course of study. Convergent type thinker retain from guessing and are anot inclined to answer a question if they are not certain of the answer. The example of question that requires a convergent thinking is “Why do people commonly read a newspaper?’ This is a convergent question because there are only a few reasons people commonly read a newspaper – for news, opinions or entertainment. Thought coverges on these few answers, rulling out alternatives.

DIVERGENT THINKING

Divergent thinking is the ability to propose many different answers. It can only be
assessed by test of the open – ended variety, that is, by tests that have no set right and wrong answers. Children are asked to think as many appropriate ways as they can for solving some particular problem. Besides, divergent thinking; as we noted in our discussion of brainstorming techniques is concerning with approaches such as speculation, imagination, heuristics and invention, processes that are based on the assumption that there may be several good ways to solve a problem. Creativeness depends on an individual’s ability to innovate and to perceive new relationships and therefore demands some divergent thinking. Since divergent thinking tests lay emphasis upon individuality of response, far less work has been done on standardization than is the case for intelligence tests and in consequence most commentators regard them as rather crude devides.

CREATIVE THINKING

Creative is not intuitive; it is something that everyone can learn. Moreover, you
can learn creativity in a logical and systematic way. Becoming creative is largely a matter of letting go of overly rigid habits and practicing creative techniques. Creative thinking is fun. It is inherently playful. That’s why children usually have a much greater capacity for creativity than adults. They take time for mental play and they enjoy being creative. Creative thinking is an abilityto imagine or invent something new. It is not the ability to create out of nothing (only God can do that) but the ability to generate new ideas by combining, changing or reapplying existing ideas. It is also an attitude to accept change and newness and willingness to play with ideas and possibilities, flexibility of outlook, the habit of enjoying the good, while looking for ways to improve it. Actually creative people work hard and continually to improve ideas and solutions, by making gradual alterations and refinements to their work.

CRITICAL THINKING

Critical thinking is the thinking that you do when you have to evaluate a claim/
simply learning to “think for yourself”. Where problem solving requires creative
thinking, evaluating claims requires critical thingking.
There is four aspects explain the process of critical thingking;

1. Defining & Clarifying the problem
a. Identify central issues or problem
b. Compare similarities & differences.
c. Define which information is relevant.
d. Formalute appropriate questions.

2. Judging information related to the question

3. Judging Information related to the problem
a. Distinguish among fact, opinion and reasoned problem.
b. Check consistency
c. Identify instated assumptions.
d. Recognize bias, emotional factors propaganda, and semantic slanting.
e. Recognize different value systems and ideologies.

4. Solving problems/ drawing conclusions
a. Recognize the adequacy of data.
b. Predict probable consequence.